• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for constituting the power reserve on a photovoltaic panel installation, comprising controlling the power production of photovoltaic panels by adjusting the voltage applied thereto and comprising the successive steps of: a) varying the S2) the voltage applied to the panels and measure a corresponding power variation provided by the panels, in successive steps of voltage, b) identify a maximum power supplied (MPP), according to a voltage identified (VMPP), c) to vary again the voltage (S5, S12) to reach the power setpoint (PRPP) making it possible to have the desired reserve, according to the frequency of the electricity transmission network then the steps in parallel, d) measuring the frequency of the network and, at least in the case of a frequency value lower than a threshold value, adjust the voltage to release all or part of the reserve according to the frequency deviation observed with respect to the nominal frequency (Δf), e) repetitively measuring the power supplied (P) by the panels and when this power deviates from the modulated reference power of the frequency deviation, beyond a predefined threshold, repeat steps a) to c).
    公开号:FR3041836A1
    申请号:FR1559128
    申请日:2015-09-28
    公开日:2017-03-31
    发明作者:Laurent Capely；Gauthier Delille；Marjorie Cosson
    申请人:Electricite de France SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Advanced power control of a set of photovoltaic panels for participation in frequency adjustment without the use of storage means
    The present invention relates to the management of a photovoltaic installation, of electricity production, comprising at least one inverter ensuring the connection between the (or) panel (s) photovoltaic (s) of the installation and a routing network electricity.
    It relates more particularly to a method allowing such facilities to participate in the regulation of the frequency of the network without recourse to a storage means.
    Currently, in France at least, the services needed to adjust the frequency of the network (generally around 50 Hz in France) are mainly carried out by conventional producers (in charge of production such as hydraulics, nuclear , etc.). Producers of energy type "renewable energies fatal" (wind, photovoltaic, etc.) are exempted.
    The above-mentioned frequency adjustment services are intended to help stabilize the frequency of the network around a nominal frequency (for example 50 Hz). To do this, producers (especially conventional producers in France) are asked if there is an under-frequency on the network (which is symptomatic of a lack of production in the system), to temporarily increase their production. .
    A conventional producer can do this by setting the nominal setpoint of his installation below the maximum power of the plant. For example, if the frequency is below its nominal value of 50 Hz, for example 49.8 Hz, then it is desired that the installation produce more electrical energy to ensure that the frequency of the network returns. at its nominal value of 50 Hz. Inversely, the producers may be asked, in the event of an over-frequency on the network (greater than 50 Hz: for example 50.2 Hz), to temporarily reduce their production.
    In addition, the dynamic frequency support by a very fast release of the reserve makes it possible to improve the quality of supply in sensitive networks, such as island systems, by intervening very quickly following a disturbance.
    Because of their exemption from participation in the frequency adjustment, photovoltaic installations are usually controlled so that their photovoltaic panels extract at each moment the maximum of the available solar power. The type of control algorithm usually used to achieve this control is called "Maximum Power Point Tracking" ("MPPT" below) and consists of finding the maximum power provided by each panel, depending on the voltage applied to its terminals. The associated operating point is called "Maximum Power Point" ("MPP" below).
    However, with the massive development of renewable energies on the electricity grids, new installations (including those of the "renewable renewables" type) are increasingly being asked to participate in dynamic support and / or tuning of the grid. frequency.
    In the case of an over-frequency, solutions exist to temporarily reduce the power produced by producers of renewable energy fatal. In the case of producers using wind energy, for example, specific solutions such as changing the pitch angle of wind turbine blades to produce only a given part of the power available, have been devised to reduce production. In the case of producers using photovoltaic energy, it is possible to reduce the power produced by an inverter by deviating from the voltage corresponding to the operating point MPP of the panels supplying it ("Vmpp" below). This strategy makes it possible to rapidly reduce production in the event of over-frequency and thus to limit network frequency increases. However, these solutions allow only to participate in the reserve called "down" (that is to say, to reduce production when the frequency increases).
    To extend this principle to the upward reserve, it is necessary to be able to keep a margin between the available power and the power actually injected into the network. The variability of primary resources (wind, sun, etc.) makes this reserve constitution particularly difficult.
    The technical solution often adopted to answer this difficulty and to contribute to dynamic support and / or frequency adjustment is to add a storage device within the installation. Nevertheless, it presents as a major drawback the additional investment to be made.
    In order to circumvent this difficulty, it is necessary to envisage an intrinsic modification of the functioning of the renewable energy producers and thus a modification of the usual control algorithms (for example MPPT).
    The present invention improves the situation.
    It proposes to build power reserve on a photovoltaic installation and optimize its constitution, so as to limit the lost energy and maximize the availability of the reserve. To this end, it aims at a method, implemented by computer means, for controlling the power production of photovoltaic panels by adjusting a voltage applied to the panels, the method comprising: the following steps: a) varying the voltage applied to the panels and measure a corresponding power variation provided by the panels, in successive steps of voltage, b) identify a maximum power supplied (hereinafter referred to as Pmpp), as a function of an identified voltage (denoted VMPP), and c) again vary the voltage to reach a power setpoint (denoted Prpp) making it possible to have a desired reserve as a function of a frequency measurement of the electricity transmission network, then the steps carried out in parallel: d) measuring the frequency of the electricity supply network and, at least if the frequency value is below a threshold value, adjusting the voltage applied to the panels for releasing all or part of the reserve according to a frequency deviation with respect to a nominal frequency (denoted by Δ /), e) repetitively measuring the power supplied (denoted P) by the panels and when said supplied power deviates from the setpoint power (possibly modulated from the frequency deviation), beyond a predefined threshold, repeat steps a) to c).
    Thus, a reserve is set up below the maximum available power (Pmpp) to feed the network when needed. In addition, this reserve is deduced directly from the maximum power value identified during the scanning of step a) up to step c), without the need for any sensor, or prior knowledge of the behavior of the panels. These advantages are detailed in the description given below with reference to the drawings.
    In one embodiment, at least in step a), the measured powers are recorded in a correspondence table as a function of the voltages applied, and at least in step c) the corresponding power value is searched in the correspondence table. setpoint for, if necessary, apply the corresponding voltage in the table to this set power value.
    Thus, this embodiment proposes to use the voltage sweep already made in step a) in particular to find the voltage value that corresponds to the desired power, and possibly in a general manner, to any power to be supplied. at any moment.
    In the case where the desired power value is absent from the abovementioned correspondence table, it is possible, for example, to vary the voltage in successive steps in step c) to reach the desired power value.
    In one embodiment, the voltage corresponding to the reference power of the voltages above the optimal voltage (VMPP) is sought. It is in this embodiment to be located "right" of the MPP (in Figure 4), to take advantage of the steep slope of variation of the power depending on the voltage to reduce the scan time.
    Thus in this embodiment, to achieve the desired power in step c), the panels are applied a voltage greater than the voltage identified (VMPP).
    In such an embodiment, it may be advantageous then to apply in step a) successive steps of decreasing voltage (and thus start from the "right" voltages of FIG. 4 to the left), particularly when step a ) is reiterated for the implementation of step e).
    In one embodiment, the set power value (Prpp) is chosen as a fraction of the maximum power (for example 95%). Alternatively, it may be below this value by subtracting a fixed value D as described later.
    In one embodiment, the method further comprises a step of comparing the maximum available power value (Pmpp) with a minimum threshold power, and in the case of maximum available power less than this threshold power, it is applied in step c) a voltage (Vmpp) to provide a reference power corresponding to said maximum available power (Pmpp) · Such an embodiment amounts to not using the reserve mode if the power produced is below a defined power threshold under which the contribution of installation at dynamic support and / or frequency setting of the network would be negligible.
    In one embodiment, a delay is applied after step c), then step e) is performed. For example, it is possible to measure the elapsed time since the last execution of steps a) to c), and if this time exceeds a predefined threshold, steps a) to c) are repeated as part of the execution of step e). Such an embodiment makes it possible to optimize the availability of the reserve, despite the variations in the external conditions (sunshine conditions, current temperature, or other).
    On the other hand, the measurement (preferably permanent in step d)) of the frequency / network is not subject to this delay, which makes it possible to adjust the voltage setpoint at any time, and from there, the reserve According to this measurement, it will be understood that this step d) is then preferably carried out in parallel with the recurrent step e) in order, for example, to provide without delay the reserve enabling the network to be supported, without waiting for a delay.
    In a particular embodiment, it is possible to provide a frequency band around the nominal frequency of the network for which the voltage applied in step d) corresponds to the power setpoint. Thus, if the frequency deviates from the nominal value (for example 50 Hz), an amount (in absolute value) lower than a threshold (for example 0.1 or 0.2 Hz), the applied voltage remains that corresponding to the target power, and as long as this difference in frequency remains lower (in absolute value) than the aforementioned threshold. Such an embodiment makes it possible to avoid overloading the installation.
    In one embodiment, the photovoltaic panels are connected to at least one inverter, the method being implemented by said inverter.
    In such an embodiment, to manage a farm of photovoltaic panels comprising several groups of panels connected to several respective inverters, steps a) to c) at least are implemented by each inverter, in turn. Such an embodiment makes it possible not to disturb the operation of the farm in a global manner, the inverters operating their group of panels under conditions making it possible to have their reserve, while another inverter of the farm performs the sweeping according to the steps a) to c).
    In one embodiment, it is possible to provide a central control unit such that the inverters are connected to this central control unit, which then controls the execution of steps a) to e) by each inverter. Thus, the central control unit can authorize the execution of steps a) to c) by each inverter, in turn, according to a list of inverters stored in memory of the central control unit (for example a FIFO ).
    The present invention also relates to an inverter, as such, for the implementation of the method presented above. The OND inverter comprises for this purpose a processing circuit including for example, as illustrated in FIG. 9, a processor PROC and a working memory MEM (able to further store instructions of a computer program for executing the method of the invention), as well as an INT interface for controlling the photovoltaic panels to which the OND inverter is connected. Of course, the inverter may further comprise conventional means of an inverter (not shown in Figure 9) and typically having a DC converter AC.
    The present invention also aims at a central control unit (SC, FIG. 10), comprising for example a communication interface INT2 with several inverters OND1, OND2,..., And a processing circuit including for example a processor PROC2, a memory MEM2 work and, in a particular embodiment described above, a memory (for example FIFO type) to maintain the above-mentioned list of inverters, for the implementation of the method described above.
    The working memories MEM, MEM2 typically store instructions of a computer program for the implementation of the method presented above, when this program is executed by a processor. As such, the present invention also aims at such a computer program comprising instructions for the implementation of the method above, when the program is executed by a processor. Figure 5 shows a possible flow diagram of such a computer program. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description below, and the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 illustrates the evolution of the power produced by a photovoltaic panel as a function of the voltage at its terminals, hereinafter referred to as curve P (V), FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a connection diagram of a photovoltaic farm to the electrical network, FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate the respective curves P (V), with respectively one increasing the power produced as a function of the irradiation (G) and a decrease in the power produced as a function of the temperature (T), FIG. 4 illustrates in a curve P (V) the respective positions of the maximum point in power MPP and the operating point in "spare" mode according to the invention, denoted RPP, in an embodiment where the set point has been chosen such that VRPP> Vmpp, FIG. 5 illustrates the main steps of the process. according to one embodiment of the invention, for performing a voltage sweep in order to reach the RPP reserve mode, FIG. 6 represents a mask for the release of the primary frequency reserve as a function of the frequency variations Af on the network, in an exemplary embodiment where only the "upward reserve" mode is presented, Figure 7 corresponds to an irradiation profile as a function of time, during a day of sunshine with a few cloudy periods (between 15 and 17 hours), FIGS. 8a and 8b represent the effective reserve in percentage of the maximum available power Pmpp for an objective of 4.25% reserve, taking into account the sweeps (ordinate to zero typically in FIG. 8a), respectively for a farm with a single inverter (FIG. 8a) and for a farm with ten inverters in the example shown (FIG. 8b), FIG. 9 diagrammatically illustrates an inverter in the sense of the invention, the FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a central control unit of a plurality of OND1, OND2 inverters, within the meaning of the invention. The invention proposes to rely on a so-called "reserve" mode hereafter to constitute a reserve of power that can be delivered to the network when needed.
    FIG. 2 illustrates a photovoltaic farm comprising photovoltaic photovoltaic panels controlled by voltage, in clusters, with an OND inverter, the inverters themselves being connected to a connection transformer TRA on the network. The OND inverters can also communicate with a control unit SC (or "central supervisor" hereinafter) as described below.
    In such a case of a photovoltaic energy production farm, the possible solutions could be to replace the usual operating mode optimal, aiming for maximum power output, by the aforementioned mode, said "reserve". In reserve mode, the operating point can therefore be set so that the power produced is less than the maximum power available. The difference between this maximum and the power produced corresponds to the reserve available to support the network in the event of a network frequency drop. To effectively participate in the dynamic support and / or upward frequency adjustment, it is nevertheless necessary to know the volume of reserve that is available at a given moment. This implies knowing the position of the MPP point (corresponding to a maximum power produced) while the current operating point is different.
    For example, a proposed upward reserve strategy for a PV farm (or PV below) is to set the operating point to a constant fraction of the open circuit voltage (given in the PV panel technical documentation). This technique allows to deviate from the MPP but does not allow to know or maintain the reserve volume during changes in sunlight and temperature. It is therefore impossible for a producer to value this reserve (in the current French system, known).
    To maintain the desired reserve amount, the voltage set point can be set from the irradiation measurements. A model of the panels makes it possible to make the link between the measurements and the position of the MPP point and then to determine the voltage setpoint to be imposed. To establish this model, specific and regular tests must be made to take into account the evolution of the behavior of panels with aging. It is also necessary to provide the installation of radiation sensors (pyranometers) in a high proportion of up to one sensor per PV panel. In addition, this method does not take into account the drift of the panel voltage power characteristic with the temperature (see Figure 3b).
    To limit the number of necessary measurements and thus facilitate the implementation of this monitoring, we can model by quadratic interpolation the characteristic curve of the power as a function of the voltage (see Figure 1) in order to be able to locate the running point of operation and the MPP point. This technique does not require any additional sensor but, on the other hand, it does not take into account the impact of radiation variations G and temperature T on the curve. In addition, this technique requires a good knowledge of the panel in order to precisely interpolate the PV curve.
    Thus, the present invention overcomes this difficulty by taking into account, in fact, the influence of radiation and temperature without additional sensor installation or any model implementation, while precise local measurements are difficult to obtain, and the models require to carry out in-depth and regular tests on each panel in order to take into account its aging. The invention allows a reserve mode operation based on the measurement of the power produced (available in an inverter connected to the panel (s)) and an accurate estimation of the reserve made without the need for a model of the panels.
    Then, once it is possible to keep power in reserve, it must also be able to release it depending on the frequency drop. For example, it is possible to linearize the curve of the power as a function of the voltage (hereinafter referred to as "power (voltage)") between the current operating point (with reserve) and the point MPP, in order to release a quantity reserve proportional to frequency variations. This technique has the advantage of being simple to implement but the estimation error is all the more important as one approaches the point MPP. Another more complex approach is to calculate the voltage setpoint as a function of the operating point position, the frequency variations and the available reserve estimate. The invention proposes a simple method of release based on the available measurements and updated regularly in order to limit the error made with a linearization technique of the power (voltage) curve.
    The difficulty is therefore to release a precise volume of the constituted reserve. To do this, you must have access to the MPP point and the current operating point from the simple measurement of the power and the frequency difference to be achieved without additional sensor).
    For the purposes of the present invention, the point of operation in reserve mode is hereinafter referred to as "Reserve Power Point" and noted as RPP, and the associated voltage is denoted Vrpp. Thus, with reference to FIG. 4, R is the fraction of the available power kept as a reserve. We then put X = 1 - R.
    The power reserve Prpp in reserve mode is then given by PrpP = X.Pmpp, where Pmpp denotes the maximum power available under the voltage VMPP (at the point MPP).
    In particular, FIG. 4 shows that two points correspond to the setpoint power Prpp. In one embodiment, the set point was chosen such that Vrpp> Vmpp · This choice is justified because the slope of the power curve as a function of the voltage (P (V)) is greater after the optimum point MPP than before this point. This difference makes it possible to detect more precisely the operating point in reserve mode. Moreover, a variation of the irradiation or of the temperature T leads to a variation of power all the more important that the slope is important (FIGS. 3a and 3b). It is therefore easier to follow the variations of the RPP reserve point during the use of the panel because of the evolution of the irradiation for example if its voltage is greater than the optimal voltage Vmpp ·
    In an alternative embodiment, the setpoint can be chosen such that Vrpp <VMpp, which can allow for example to optimize the life of the panels.
    Thus, the treatment in the sense of the invention replaces the operation at the point MPP which aims to maximize the power produced by the installation, by operating in "reserve" mode that can support the network when needed. The operating point is no longer designated as the MPP point, but by the point RPP (for "Reserve Power Point"), the search for this point being referred to below as the RPPT (for "RPP" Tracking ).
    The processing is based on the operation of a memory arranged in correspondence table or "look-up table" (LUT). It is proposed a scan allowing initially to locate the MPP. Thus, the corresponding power Pmpp is known and the target power corresponding to the reserve mode Prpp can be calculated. In one embodiment, it may correspond to a fraction of the optimal power Prpp = X. Pmpp, for example 90 or 95%. In a variant, power monitoring can be chosen, such that the power in reserve mode is at a fixed value below the optimum power: Prpp = Pmpp - D, D being a fixed value.
    Thus, after finding the maximum available power Pmpp, the treatment scans different voltages by a sufficiently small increment to find a voltage such that the power P corresponds to the aforementioned power reserve mode P = Prpp
    As indicated above, in one embodiment, it is preferred, after having identified the optimum voltage Pmpp, to traverse the increasing successive voltages, to identify the power of the reserve mode, since the slope of the variation P (V) is steeper after the optimum voltage (for voltages greater than Vmpp) than before the optimal voltage (for voltages below Vmpp) · Such an arrangement advantageously makes it possible to identify more quickly the voltage corresponding to the reserve mode.
    Regarding a detail of embodiment, it can be advantageously provided to perform, during the search of the optimum point Vmpp, storage in memory of the scanned power values, in correspondence of successively applied voltages. Such an arrangement advantageously makes it possible to use these values simply to identify the power corresponding to the reserve mode Prpp (for example a power corresponding to a predetermined target value, for example 95% of the maximum power), and from there, the voltage Vrpp corresponding to this reserve mode.
    If on the occasion of this first scan, such a power value had not been identified, the scanning is carried out: always in the same direction of increasing tensions, if the scan to find the maximum power has been made in the direction increasing voltages, from the point of highest voltage of the table and in the direction of increasing voltages, if the scanning to find the maximum power has been carried out in the direction of decreasing voltages, and until the voltage is found Vrpp corresponding to the setpoint power in reserve mode Prpp.
    The set voltage is then determined from this value Vrpp, and frequency deviations Δ / possible until the next scan.
    FIG. 5 summarizes the main steps of the scanning process to identify the reserve mode.
    During a first initialization step SI, the data of the table is erased and the current point is postponed on this table, with its values in voltage and in power. In step S2, in order to locate the maximum power available, a voltage variation is applied (in negative increment for example) and it is deduced whether the MPP is before or after the current point. Typically, if with the applied voltage step AV, with AV <0, there is a decrease in power, then a positive increment AV> 0 is applied. Then, to reach the MPP, in step S3, one continues the incremental displacement in tension in the same direction as that determined in step S2 (positive or negative according to the result of step S2), and that, as long as it is observed a growth of the power. Moreover, during this step S3, each voltage / power point is recorded in the table until it reaches the MPP giving the maximum power Pmpp-
    Then, in step S4, arrived at the MPP, we look in the table for the two tensions to control the voltage of the RPP. In one embodiment, the operating point is set to the value directly lower than the power Prpp. If the values of the table do not allow framing Prpp, then we resume the sweep, in step S5, in the direction of increasing tensions, from the point of maximum voltage present in the table, until finding the VrpP voltage. In step S6, the current voltage setpoint Vset from Vrpp (considered constant until the next scan) and the possible deviation of frequency Δ / are calculated. In step S12, this voltage is applied.
    In one embodiment, it is possible to condition the triggering of this reserve mode (steps S4 and following) to an available power threshold (P, ","). Thus, in step S9, as long as the maximum available power is below this threshold Pmin, the reserve mode is deactivated and replaced by the MPPT mode by applying a voltage VMPP corresponding to the maximum power available Pmpp- Indeed, if the power produced by the photovoltaic farm is relatively low (due to a low sunlight typically), it can be considered that the participation of the photovoltaic farm dynamic support and / or frequency adjustment is not really crucial. Thus, in this embodiment, it is possible to disable the reserve mode if the power produced is less than a threshold Pmin in step S9. In this case, the photo voltaic farm can operate in conventional MPP mode.
    Unlike the methods of the prior art, the method of the invention makes it possible to overcome the need for a model of the panel and / or sensors in temperature or irradiation. For this purpose, the scanning is carried out regularly in order to follow any evolutions of the MPP point during the day (and hence from the RPP reserve mode). However, an optimum is to be found because the scan should not be too frequent elsewhere. Indeed, during a scan, the system deviates from the operating mode imposed RPP reserve mode, which is not desired too frequently to ensure the availability of the reserve. In order to respond to this compromise, it is necessary to choose criteria to trigger a new scan. In one embodiment, the combination of the two following criteria is chosen: a time delay (for example of the order of one hour, or less), so that the scanning is carried out after each time delay (step S7), a relative threshold of variation of power produced: typically, if a strong relative variation of the power produced has been measured (step S8: OK), then it is deduced that the operating conditions of the panel have changed (following, for example, the passage of a cloud after a period of strong sunshine). Thus, the MPP could move. In this case, a new scan is performed. The power variation is calculated relative to the RPP setpoint power obtained during the previous scan.
    The reserve thus constituted makes it possible to participate in the dynamic support and / or the adjustment of the frequency of the network. To be valued, it must be released in proportion to the fall of the frequency of the network Af, as shown in FIG. 6. Thus, with reference again to FIG. 5, in the case where a frequency difference Δ / is detected by relative to the nominal frequency 50 Hz, the voltage to be applied to release the desired reserve volume is calculated from the voltage VRPP and Δ / (step S6). It can be noted in FIG. 5 that step S6 can not be conducted if a scan is in progress. That is why it is better to ensure fast and less frequent scans. In one embodiment, it is possible to provide a frequency band around the nominal frequency of the network (for example 50 Hz ± 0.2 Hz) for which the applied voltage remains VRPP in order to avoid overloading the installation.
    Of course, conversely, in the case where the current frequency of the network appears greater than 50 Hz, it may be chosen to reduce the power delivered to a value even lower than the power of the reserve mode PrpP. This mode is called "down-reserve mode" and it suffices, in practice, to extend the scanning range to identify this mode (for example at 80% of the optimal mode MPP, after the 95% of the current reserve mode RPP).
    As previously stated, when an inverter triggers a sweep, its operating point temporarily deviates from the RPP reserve mode. Thus, for a few tens of seconds, the system is no longer able to offer a constant reserve power to the network. Therefore, in the case of several inverters having a common point of connection to the network as illustrated in Figure 2, if the scan to identify the reserve mode is applied simultaneously for all the inverters, such an operation has a non-impact. negligible on the availability of the reserve. Thus, the method proposes to prohibit several inverters to scan simultaneously for the search of the reserve mode. This realization makes it possible to limit the unavailability of the reserve.
    For this purpose, an implementation is provided by a central control unit ("central supervisor" SC of FIG. 2) which receives inverters their state (in standby mode or during scanning) and their possible requests (to scan or no). At each request of an inverter to perform a scan, the supervisor determines, in step S10 of FIG. 5, whether another inverter is already in the course of a scanning operation. If this is not the case, the supervisor responds favorably to the scan request. Otherwise (KO arrow at the output of test S10), an identifier of the inverter requiring the sweep is placed in a queue of inverters waiting for a sweeping authorization.
    In one embodiment, this queue can be materialized by a FIFO-type memory. In a more sophisticated variant, if inverters have different capacities, the order of priority can be associated with their nominal power in order to maximize the availability of the reserve.
    This improves the availability of the reserve, thanks to such communication between the inverters and the supervisor.
    FIG. 7 shows an example of irradiation profile during a day. It appears typically between 15 and 17 hours of strong disturbances of the irradiation, probably due to cloudy periods during a sunny day.
    FIGS. 8a and 8b then compare the percentage reserve for a photovoltaic farm with a single inverter (FIG. 8a) to that produced by a photovoltaic farm with ten inverters (FIG. 8b). It thus appears an efficiency in terms of finding the reserve mode when the farm has a high number of inverters. The only significant disturbance for the farm with ten inverters is the abscissa between 15 and 17 hours (corresponding to the same abscissa of Figure 7).
    It should be noted that this capacity of a proliferation within a farm, taking advantage of a communication of the inverters with a central control unit (supervisor), can be extended in search of a proliferation between farms.
    Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above by way of example; it extends to other variants.
    Thus, for example, the reserve power values (95% of the maximum power, or others) are given above by way of example.
    FIGS. 9 and 10 show working memories MEM and MEM2 for storing instructions of the computer program of the invention. Nevertheless, these instructions can be stored on any non-transitory memory medium (removable memory, disk, or other) and the present invention also aims at such a medium.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    claims
    A method, implemented by computer means, for controlling the power production of photovoltaic panels by adjusting a voltage applied to the panels, the method comprising: the following steps: a) varying the voltage applied to the panels and measuring a voltage corresponding power variation provided by the panels, in successive steps of voltage, b) identify a maximum power output (MPP), according to a voltage identified (Vmpp X and c) vary the voltage again to reach a setpoint a power supply (Prpp) for providing a desired reserve based on a frequency measurement of the electricity supply network, - then, the steps carried out in parallel: d) measuring said transmission network frequency d and, at least if the frequency value is lower than a threshold value, adjust the voltage applied to the panels to release all or part of the reserve e according to a frequency deviation with respect to a nominal frequency (Δ /), e) repetitively measuring the power supplied (P) by the panels and when said supplied power deviates from the target power, beyond a predefined threshold, repeat steps a) to c).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, in which, in step a), the measured powers are recorded in a correspondence table (LUT) as a function of the voltages applied, and in step c), the said table is searched for. match the setpoint power value, if necessary, to apply the corresponding voltage in the table to this setpoint power value.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to claim 2, wherein, in the case where the desired power value is absent from the correspondence table, the voltage is varied in successive steps in step c) to reach the power value of setpoint.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, to achieve the desired power in step c), is applied to the panels a voltage greater than the identified voltage (VMPP).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. The method of claim 4, wherein is applied in step a) successive steps of decreasing voltage.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the desired power is selected as a fraction of the maximum power available.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a step of comparing the maximum available power value with a minimum threshold power (/ '"" "), and in case of maximum available power less than said threshold power. (S9), a voltage is applied in step c) to provide a target power corresponding to said maximum available power (Pmpp).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a timer (S7) is applied after step c), then step e) is performed.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein there is provided a frequency band around the nominal frequency of the network for which the applied voltage (VRPP) in step d) corresponds to the power setpoint (Prpp).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the photovoltaic panels (PV) are connected to at least one inverter (OND), the method being implemented by said inverter.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. The method of claim 10, wherein, to manage a farm of photovoltaic panels comprising several groups of panels connected to several respective inverters, steps a) to c) at least are implemented by each inverter, in turn .
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. The method of claim 11, wherein the inverters are connected to a central control unit (SC) controlling the execution of steps a) to e) by each inverter.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. The method of claim 12, wherein the central control unit (SC) authorizes the execution of steps a) to c) by each inverter, in turn, according to a list of inverters stored in memory (FIFO). ) of the central control unit.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Inverter, comprising a processing circuit for implementing the method according to claim 10.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Central control unit (SC), comprising a communication interface and a processing circuit, for implementing the method according to one of claims 12 and 13.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. Computer program characterized in that it comprises instructions for the implementation of the method according to one of claims 1 to 13, when the program is executed by a processor.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3041836B1|2017-10-13|
    CN108352807A|2018-07-31|
    WO2017055701A1|2017-04-06|
    CN108352807B|2020-03-10|
    DE112016004377T5|2018-06-21|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1559128A|FR3041836B1|2015-09-28|2015-09-28|PERFECTLY POWERED CONTROL OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL ASSEMBLY FOR PARTICIPATING IN FREQUENCY ADJUSTMENT WITHOUT USE OF A STORAGE MEANS|FR1559128A| FR3041836B1|2015-09-28|2015-09-28|PERFECTLY POWERED CONTROL OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL ASSEMBLY FOR PARTICIPATING IN FREQUENCY ADJUSTMENT WITHOUT USE OF A STORAGE MEANS|
    PCT/FR2016/052279| WO2017055701A1|2015-09-28|2016-09-09|Improved power control of a set of photovoltaic panels in order to take part in the frequency adjustment without resorting to a storage means|
    DE112016004377.5T| DE112016004377T5|2015-09-28|2016-09-09|Improved power control of a set of photovoltaic modules to participate in the frequency control without using a storage medium|
    CN201680062014.3A| CN108352807B|2015-09-28|2016-09-09|Improved power control method for photovoltaic panels|
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